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Bombay Stock Exchange Limited (BSE)
INTRODUCTION
Bombay Stock Exchange Limited (the Exchange) is the oldest stock exchange in Asia with a rich heritage. Popularly known as “BSE”, it was established as “The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association” in 1875. It is the first stock exchange in the country to obtain permanent recognition in 1956 from the Government of India under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956.The Exchange’s pivotal and pre-eminent role in the development of the Indian capital market is widely recognized and its index, SENSEX, is tracked worldwide. Earlier an Association of Persons (AOP), the Exchange is now a demutualised and corporatised entity incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, pursuant to the BSE(Corporatisation and Demutualisation) Scheme, 2005 notified by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).Bombay Stock Exchange Limited received its Certificate of Incorporation on 8th August, 2005 and Certificate of Commencement of Business on 12th August, 2005. The ‘Due Date’ for taking over the business and operations of the BSE, by the Exchange was fixed for 19th August, 2005, under the Scheme. The Exchange has succeeded the business and operations of BSE on going concern basis and its recognition as an Exchange has been continued by SEBI.
With demutualisation, the trading rights and ownership rights have been de-linked effectively addressing concerns regarding perceived and real conflicts of interest. The Exchange is professionally managed under the overall direction of the Board of Directors.The Board comprises eminent professionals, representatives of Trading Members and the Managing Director of the Exchange. The Board is inclusive and is designed to benefit from theparticipation of market intermediaries.
In terms of organisation structure, the Board formulates larger policy issues and exercises over-all control. The committees constituted by the Board are broad-based.The day-to-dayoperations of the Exchange are managed by the Managing Director & CEO and a management team of professionals.
The Exchange has a nation-wide reach with a presence in 417 cities and towns of India. The systems and processes of the Exchange are designed to safeguard market integrity and enhance transparency in operations. During the year 2004-2005, the trading volumes on the Exchange showed robust growth.
The Exchange provides an efficient and transparent market for trading in equity, debt instruments and derivatives. The BSE’s On Line Trading System (BOLT) is a proprietory system of the Exchange and is BS 7799-2-2002 certified. The surveillance and clearing & settlement functions of the Exchange are ISO 9001:2000 certified.
The National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE)
The Organisation
The National Stock Exchange of India Limited has genesis in the report of the High Powered Study Group on Establishment of New Stock Exchanges, which recommended promotion of a National Stock Exchange by financial institutions (FIs) to provide access to investors from all across the country on an equal footing. Based on the recommendations, NSE was promoted by leading Financial Institutions at the behest of the Government of India and was incorporated in November 1992 as a tax-paying company unlike other stock exchanges in the country.
On its recognition as a stock exchange under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 in April 1993, NSE commenced operations in the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) segment in June 1994. The Capital Market (Equities) segment commenced operations in November 1994 and operations in Derivatives segment commenced in June 2000.